DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF 32 – BIT HIGH SPEED RISC PROCESSOR USING PIPELINING TECHNIQUE

Abstract

The Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architecture prioritizes a compact, efficient set of
instructions that execute in uniform cycles, enabling high-performance computing across devices—from
embedded systems to supercomputers. This research presents the design and implementation of a 32-bit
RISC processor leveraging a pipelining technique to enhance throughput while maintaining
computational efficiency. The proposed processor supports 16 arithmetic and logical operations and
adheres to the Harvard architecture, featuring separate data and instruction memories for concurrent access.
The processor incorporates a 32-bit ALU for arithmetic and logical computations, along
with general-purpose registers and a dedicated flag register to track carry, zero, and
parity statuses. The pipelined design divides instruction execution into multiple stages
(fetch, decode, execute, memory access, and write-back), significantly improving
instruction throughput. Each instruction is encoded uniformly, and the design supports
multiple addressing modes for flexibility.