Comparative Study of the Impact of Ranitidine and Sitagliptin on Acetic Acid- Induced Gastric Ulcer Healing in Rats

Abstract

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) are two of the many promoting factors
that control the complicated process of gastric ulcer healing. In most cases, delayed stomach ulcer healing is
linked to diabetes mellitus. In order to compare the effects of ranitidine and sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4
inhibitor) on the healing of stomach ulcers, the current study was created. Forty male albino rats, split into four
equal groups, participated in the current study: Groups 1 and 4 are the normal control group, the gastric ulcer
model group, the sitagliptin-treated group, and the ranitidine-treated group, respectively. The stomach of the rats
was taken for histological analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation of COX-2 and iNOS ten days after ulcer
induction, and the rats were then killed. This study found that the sitagliptin-treated group had much worse gastric
ulcer healing than the ranitidine-treated group. This was demonstrated by the stomach's histological investigation,
which showed a significantly bigger ulcerated region and poor ulcer base maturation. In comparison to the ulcer
model group and the ranitidine-treated group, the sitagliptin-treated group exhibited a substantial decrease in
mean vascular density (MVD), COX-2, and iNOS expression. A strong positive association between iNOS and
COX-2 was discovered, suggesting that they work in concert. COX-2 and iNOS were found to have a substantial
positive connection with MVD, indicating that they had a proangiogenic effect. Given these findings, it is unclear
if sitagliptin is recommended for diabetic patients who already have a stomach ulcer. Future investigations
involving humans are required to validate our initial experimental findings.