Cardiac Complications Induced by Biliary Diseases: Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Strategies for Cholecardia Syndrome

Abstract

Among the most prevalent digestive disorders are gallbladder and biliary diseases (GBDs). As people's diets have
changed and medical diagnostic technology has advanced steadily, links between GBDs and several other organs have
progressively come to light. Cholecardiasyndrome, which targets the heart as a major target for GBD problems, has
received particular attention. Nevertheless, there is currently no comprehensive study on the pathophysiology and
accompanying clinical symptoms. Arrhythmia, myocardial damage, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure are all
prevalent in the general population, according to this study, which included the most current reports of cholecardia
syndrome types. Additionally, the clinical diagnostic rate of Alagille syndrome linked to gene mutation and intrahepatic
cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is rising. Thus, more information was provided on the underlying pathophysiology,
which included aberrant bile acid secretion, gene mutation, translocation, and deletion (JAG1, NOTCH2, ABCG5/8,
and CYP7A1), nerve reflex, and autonomic neuropathy. In order to support clinical diagnosis and treatment, the clinical
medication and potential treatment measures represented by ursodeoxycholicacid were finally summarized.