Closure of cranial sutures and expansion of epiphysis of bones as indicators of ageing in forensic sciences: A Review

Abstract

Ageing is very difficult to define due to it is difficult to distinguish between real effects of time and degenerative diseases. For this analysis cross sectional study is to be done and results compared with the individuals with different age and interpretations must be taken for the genetic and environmental origin. There are numerous changes of adults for the morphological, physiological and psychological changes and the distinction between pathological and normal situation is always arbitrary. Skull deformation requires first determining the thickness of the skull and how it changes with age. The present study involves all the detail information of the cranial sutures and relation between sutures and aging. the cranial sutures maintain a state of patency by synchronised remodelling efforts of bone deposition and resorption from infancy through early adulthood. The ability to estimate age from the skeleton requires a thorough understanding of the nature, sequence, and timing of skeletal changes across time, as well as the link between these processes and chronological metrics. Age indicators should be traits or processes that change unidirectional with age, correlate with chronological age and vary consistently among individuals. It's vital to remember that chronological and biological ages aren't perfectly matched because the skeletal ageing process differs from person to person. The trajectory effect describes how the gap between biological and chronological age develops as people get older. The review also describes about the epiphysis and its relation between the ageing which is the bony caps on

the extremities of long bones and other bony structures. For this review many research articles and review articles have been studied. Many researchers has been studied about the relation between the epiphysis and aging. epiphyseal appearance, and union is most useful for immature individuals and has even been used to predict future growth in living individuals.