Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides using the comet assay

Abstract

Context and Objectives: The pervasiveness of pesticides in the environment makes pesticide poisoning the leading occupational risk for agricultural workers in the emerging nations. Organophosphosphate and carbamate pesticides' cytotoxicity and DNA damaging properties were the focus of this investigation. To determine the cytotoxicity of chlorpyrifos methyl, azinphos ethyl, aldicarb sulfone, ethiofencarb, and [(O-Ethyl O- (p-nitrophenyl) pheriylphosphonothioate)] (EPN), this research used the trypan blue dye exclusion assay. To determine if pesticides administered to human peripheral blood cells had any genotoxic effects, an alkaline comet test was carried out. Conclusion: After 30 and 120 minutes of exposure at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, we showed that EPN had a cytotoxic impact. The in vitro comet test revealed considerably greater amounts of DNA damage after 120 minutes of exposure to chlorpyrifos-methyl and azinphos ethyl, even though these pesticides seem to be less harmful in terms of cytotoxicity than other pesticides. The pesticides were ranked according to their potential DNA-damaging effects: chlorpyrifos-methyl, aldicarb sulfone, EPN, and azinphos ethyl after 30 minutes of exposure, and again after 120 minutes: chlorpyrifosmethyl, azinphos ethyl, aldicarb sulfone, and EPN. Based on our findings, these herbicides have a tendency to cause a dose- and time-dependent increase in DNA damage. In conclusion, the DNA-damaging potential of pesticides may lead to genotoxic risk and negative health impacts like cancer. These pesticides are used extensively and may have genotoxic effects. Genetic toxicity, in vitro comet assay, carbamate insecticides, organophosphate pesticides.