Different Characteristics and Methods of Biofuel Production - Renewable Energy Source: A Review

Abstract

Biofuels are the fuels which are obtained exclusively from plant materials, biomass. Biofuels are renewable source of energy, not like fossil fuels like petroleum, gas, and coal. Nowadays, Biofuels industries are vastly growing with an auspicious role in producing renewable energy and affect global climate change. The term nano-technology has wide potential to realize cost effectiveness & process efficient biofuel industries. Many types of nano-materials are developing with exclusive properties for better and improved production of biofuel. Mainly, bio-diesel fuels commonly contain alkyl carboxylic acid or fatty acid chains, short-chain alcohol of esters, solvent (methanol or ethanol). Different types of methods are reported for the assembly of biodiesel from edible fat or vegetable oil such as micro-emulsification, pyrolysis, transesterification and many more. Among these, transesterification is an attention-seeker & broadly accepted process. Biodiesel fuel may be a renewable alternative method for petroleum fuel because it has very mutual characteristics but it has lower exhaust diffusion.