Multi-Terminal Direct Current (DC) Networks for Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms: Operation and Power Flow Control Using Genetic Algorithms

Abstract

Offshore wind energy is expected to make a major contribution toward meeting Europe's renewable power ambitions. Because of the massive size and growing distance from shore of proposed future offshore wind farms, grid connectivity through a transnational DC network is very desired. This study looks at a nine-node DC grid that links the United Kingdom (UK), the Netherlands (NL), and Germany (DE). Distributed voltage control (DVC) is a unique approach for controlling power flow inside a multi-terminal DC grid that uses voltage-source converters. To reduce the amount of energy lost during transmission, this strategy uses an optimum power flow (OPF) solution. The paper's key contribution is the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) to resolve the OPF issue under the N1 security restriction. Following a summary of the primary DC network component models, the suggested control mechanism is shown in action through multiple case studies.